review artikel Wisata Islami itu harus aman dan nyaman

Wisata Islami Itu Harus Aman dan Nyaman

Pada dasarnya sektor wisata juga berpengaruh dalam pembangunan sektor ekonomi dan tentu di Aceh sendiri yang notabene Bandar wisata islami harus menanamkan nilai nilai syariat. Namun disini terlihat kontradiksi dimana pedagang merasa dirugikan dengan sikap bijak masyarakat ulele yang menutup kawasan tersebut pada malam hari. Sesuai dengan keimanan yang dihadiahkan rasul S.A.W kepada kita dimana kita harus menghilangkan kemungkaran dan memberantas maksiat sesungguhnya ini harus terlebih dahulu disadari oleh semua pihak. Dimana kita harus menegakkan hokum islam tanpa terkecuali karena islam mengatur semua aktivitas dalam kehidupan orang islam. Berbicara dalam konteks ekonomi maka harus berbaur kepada peraturan islam sendiri, alasan syariat yang membatasi sesuatu tidak bisa dijadikan kambing hitam. Kita mengetahui bagaimana cara menata banda wisata yang islami tanpa adanya kontradiksi, dari artikel tersebut dimana pemerintah harus memfasilitasi daerah tersebut dengan layak patut diacungi jempol dan mengajak musyawarah masayrakat setempat dengan berbagai pihak guna mensiasati problema merupakan solusi terbaik, namun terlepas daripada kedua hal diatas kita sehendaknya harus meningkatkan rasa keislaman dan pemahaman islam keseluruh penghuni Aceh khususnya Banda Aceh. Daerah kita merupakan serambi mekkah yang harus terus kita lestarikan, kita bisa mencontoh jepang yang tidak mau budayanya dimasuki budaya lain dan Aceh juga harus bersikap demikian di era globalisasi saat ini. Jangan hanya karena oknum oknum tertentu maka mereka bisa mengleserkan budaya kita! Kita merupakan orang islam hidup dalam konteks islam agama yang damai harus cermat memperhatikan problema ini terlebih wisata merupakan salah satu bagian yang vital banyak propaganda dan provokasi yang merusak budaya kita dengan lengssernya adat dan budaya islam dan aceh khususnya.

Kesimpulannya dalah mari kita bersama sama membangun Bandar wisata yang islami yang aman dan nyaman dengan seluruh nilai islam kita tanamkan,percayalah Allah SWT. Selalu memberikan rahman dan rahim kepada hambanya yang berusaha dan bekerja keras dengan selalu mengharap ridhanya! Amin. Semoga kita selalu diberkahi oleh Allah dan dijauhkan dari segala bencana.

Islamic Banking and finace

Islamic banking and finance

Islamic Nationhood in the late twentieth Century.

The new realities of thelaf of the twentieth century shifted the concerns of muslim reformers from the simple issue of how to combat western influences to the challenges of the setting up and governing a modern Islamic state.

I the immediate post colonial era it was clear the message of the first generation of Islamic reformers was no longer sufficient reconstructs an Islamic revival, and the second generation of reformers were obliged to modify their message in order to accommodate the challenges of the home grown political ideologies, namely nationalism, socialsm and to a lesser extend, western liberalism . different muslim countries have responded in the different ways, boyt troughout the Islamic world there has been a general revival of Islamic sense in the past quarter of a century.

Overcrowded cities with insufficient social support systems, high unemployment rates,government corruption, and a growing gap betweenrich and poor characterized many of the newly independent muslim nations. Modernization also led to break down of traditional family, religious and social values.

The united states support for authoritarian muslim rules who becked west ernisation, such as iran’s mohammad Reza shah pahlevi, as well as america’s pro Israel policy, have only served to strengthen anti western feelings.

Israel’s crushing victory over its muslim neighbours in the 1967 six day war became a symbol of this sense of failure. After defeating the combined forces of several arab nations, Israel seized conquered territory from Egypt, Syria and Jordan. The loss Jerusalem, the third holiest city of islam, was particularly devastating to muslims around the world.

Akad Pola Bagi Hasil

Akad bank syariah yang utama dan paling penting yang disepakati oleh para ulama adalah akad dengan pola bagi hasil dengan prinsip mudharabah (trustee profit sharing) dan musyarakah.

Prinsipnya adalah al ghunm bil guhmr atau al kharaj bi’l daman, yang berarti bahwa tidak ada bagian keuntungan tanpa ambil bagian keuntungan tanpa ambil risiko. Namun demikian, tidak berarti bahwa konsep bagi hasil tidak dapat diterapkan untuk pembiayaan suatu usaha yang sedang berjalan. Konsep bagi hasil berlandaskan pada beberapa prinsip dasar. Cirri utama pola bagi hasil adalah bahwa keuntungan dan kerugian ditanggung bersama baik oleh pemilik dana maupun pengusaha.

Musyarakah

Adalah istilah yang sangat sering digunakan dalam konteks skim pembiayaan syariah. Musyarakah merupakan akad bagi hasil ketika dua atau lebih pengusaha pemilik dana bekerja sama sebagai mitra usaha, membiayai investasi usaha baru atau yang sudah berjalan. Proporsi keuntungan dibagi di antara mereka menurut kesepakatan yang ditentukan sebelumnya dalam akad sesuai dengan proporsi modal yang disertakan. Sementara itu kerugian apabila terjadi akan ditanggung bersama sesuai denga proporsi penyertaan modal masing masing. Musyarakah dapat diakhiri dengan atau tanpa menutup usaha. Apabila usaha ditutup dan dilikuidasi, maka masing masing mitra usaha mendapat hasil likuidasi asset sesuai nisbah penyertaannya.

Rukun akad musyarakah:

1.      Pelaku akad

2.      Objek akad

3.      Ijab qabul.

Syarat pokok musyarakah:

1.      Syarat akad

2.      Pembagian porsi keuntungan

3.      Penentuan porsi keuntungan

4.      Pembagian kerugian

5.      Sifat modal

6.      Manajemen musyarakah

7.      Penghentian musyarakah

8.      Penghentian musyarakah tanpa menutup usaha.

Bentuk bentuk musyarakah:

a.       Musyarakah tetap: ketika jumlah dan porsi modal yang disertakan oleh masing masing mitra tetap selama periode kotrak.

b.      Musyarakah menurun: dua pihak bermitra untuk kepemilikan  bersama suatu asset, kemudian dibagi kedalam beberapa unitdan disepakati bahwa pihak kedua sebagi klien, akan membeli asset pihak pertama unit demi unit secara periodic sehingga akan meningkatkan asset pihak kedua.

c.       Musyarakah mutanaqishah: suatu penyertaan modal secara terbatas dari mitra usaha kepada perusahaan lain untuk jangka waktu tertentu atau modal ventura.

BAB 4 TEORI PERSEDIAAN MENDORONG PEMBIAYAAN.

BAB 4

TEORI PERSEDIAAN MENDORONG PEMBIAYAAN

Teori persediaan mendorong pembiayaan – menyediakan pembiayan sebelum permintaan untuk itu, muncul setelah PD II akhir tahun 1940 dan 1950an. Teori ini berasal dari tiga gagasan, dimana pemerintah negara baru memikul tanggung jawab ekonomi sendiri kemudian pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan memanfaatkan teknologi dalam bidang pertanian secara cepat dan luas dan kebanyakan para petani tidak mampu menanggung biaya penuh dari kredit yang mereka butuhkan guna membeli input bagi teknologi baru.

Pada dasarnya semua program subsidi kredit pedesaan sudah berjalan sebagaimana mestinya dengan dibarengi menrima kredit dibawah harga pasar dan diyakini mampu meningkatkan penghasilan mereka, namun kenyataannya tidak demikian karena subsidi kredit yang terkendala modal,menyediakan ancaman tiga kali lipat terhadap pengembangan lembaga keuangan jangkauan luas untuk bertahan hidup.

Penyediaan Pembiayaan sebelum ada permintaan

            Reevaluasi ekstensif  dilakukan pemerintah dalam pengembangan ekonomi banyak terjadi di negara berkembang. Pemerintah memikul tanggung jawab penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi rakyat. Pada teori Keynesian negara berkembang harus melewati  berbagai tahap untuk menjadi negara maju. Penekanan dilakukan pemerintah dalam memainkan multi peranan, termasuk akumulasi modal, investasi perencanaan, memajukan pengembangan industry serta pertumbuhan pertanian,infrastruktur dan juga memperbaiki peningkatan modal.

            Persediaan mendorong pembiayaan merujuk pada penyediaan kredit sebelum adanya permintaan untuk tujuan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Muncul gagasan bahwa pedesaan negara berkembang sangat penting untuk pembangunan nasional dan penting bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi. Dengan adanya teknologi pertanian yang modern dan luas maka diperlukannya subsidi kredit dalam jumlah besar, karena petani membutuhkan modal lebih banyak disbanding dengan yang mereka tabung dan diakui bahwa mereka tidak mampu membayar biaya penuh dari kredit yang mereka butuhkan. Secara tradisional banyak rumah tangga terutama di pedesaan meminjam guna melakukan konsumsi dalam bertahan hidup dalam keadaan darurat sebelum panen guna memnuhi kebutuhan sosial dan keagamaan. Campur tangan pemrintah dan donor dalam pasar pembiayaan dianggap sangat penting karena lembaga tidak melibatkan diri dalam kredit pedesaan. Menghindar dari kredit pedesaan oleh lembaga keuangan swasta sebagian disebabkan oleh keyakinan tanpa diteliti kebenarannya. Bahwa hanya sedikit rumah tangga pedesaan yang akan mau membayar suku bunga komersial dan suku bunga komersial institusional di daerah pedesaan akan sukar ditagih. Subsidi kredit untuk petani akan mengimbangi prasangka pedesaan , menyempurnakan distribusi penghasilan dan mengurangi perbedaan regional. Teori persediaan mendorong pembiayaan menganggap bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi di daerah pedesaan dapat dipacu dengan sistem keuangan, akibatnya insentif keuangan untuk menganut teknologi pertanian baru berbentuk subsidi kredit.

            Namun demikian , kenyataan tidak membuktikan kebenaran dari teori tersebut tapi mungkin relevan untuk mengingat dalam konteks ini kebnayakan teoritikus persediaan mendorong pembiayaan bukan spesialis keuangan tapi ahli ekonomi yang menaruh perhatian khusus pada sektor riil.

Pada akhir tahun 1960an hingga awal tahun1970an mulai terjadi kesukaran serius dalam program subsidi kredit kredit pedesaan. Titik balik terutama terjadi ketika pada tahun 1972-73(USAID) mensponsori survey program kredit secara luas di negara berkembang. Setelah dianalisis ternyata banyak terjadi kegagalan program subsidi kredit. Dan pada tahun akhir 1970an -1980an maka kritik trhadap dasar pertimbangan dibelakang semua program ini mengisi kepustakaan pembangunan. Namun demikian, banyak pemerintah dan donor masih mempertahankan program tersebut yang sudah dinyatakan cacat atau rusak tapi program ini masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.

chapter 4 Product

Product

Today's financial institutions have provided financial services such as savings, mortgages, consumer credit, insurance, loans to finance business expansion and transfer uang.Dengan the impact of globalization of financial institutions continue to innovate coupled with the rapid development of technology to fulfill their client or consumer demand.

This condition has been going on in the industry, where the transfer of money across continents instead of an advanced problem again and all forms of insurance has been offered as to whether the condition ni pasar.Namun will also take place in developing countries? And whether low-income people will also enjoy the facilities of existing industry in the country?. Here microfinance institutions began to take its own role in addressing the situation has moved tersebut.LKM help the middle class in terms of finance such as credit, savings and loans and other facilities which are being applied to the country's industry.Untuk together let us discuss products offered by microfinance institutions.

A. Loan

The success of many MFIs can be identified in their ability to successfully combine the practice of informal sector (money lenders) into formal institutions.

 These include flexibility, rapid access to funds, clear and easy conditions. Remarkable success of microcredit originating from its ability to replicate some features of the loan sharks to finance more formal.Lembaga lower interest rates applied. These interest rates are still much higher than traditional banks because of higher administrative costs of managing small loans rather than loans less with a larger amount.

But the important thing is to provide access to credit for people who would otherwise be excluded from the formal financial system with lower interest juah adopted by competitors, but the micro finance institutions should perform a valuable service application for their clients.

- Instant access, which is a fast credit approval and rapid thawing is very important for the client and often the main reason why many people are dealing with a lender even at very high interest rates.

- Clearly, easy and flexible, ie It is important to provide credit on favorable conditions for the client. Transaction costs, which include transportation costs (to pay the installments or the money) or time to go to work, the entire life of the loan must be kept low. Credit also should not be strictly linked to specific goals. MFIs should monitor the flow of revenue from their clients but with a certain degree of tolerance as limiting the possible use of the funds will not allow micro-business to have the necessary flexibility in the use of money received and thus interfere with the development of micro.

- Fixed the service, service credit must be given on an ongoing basis, not only for a limited period of time. Lack of these requirements is a major drawback of many of the projects although their effectiveness has not the purpose of providing financial services in a sustainable and continuous.

- Alternative replacement warranty and grace, that poor people often lack traditional collateral. To overcome this obstacle many MFIs to use other types of collateral, known as alternative collateral and collateral substitutes. Assurance Group is a first example, while personal property such as equipment or jewelry are examples of alternatives that are not accepted as collateral by collateral in the traditional banking sector.

2. Savings

MFIs typically offer two types of savings: voluntary and force.voluntary

replicate savings savings services provided by traditional commercial banks as savings are forced to serve as collateral for the loan.

 This account does not always provide a return on deposits and deposited with the institution until the loan balance was paid. Loans to establish micro-businesses that are useful only for people who have entrepreneurial skills and economic opportunities while more and more people to save rather than to keep risky assets or hiding cash at home.

Microfinance institutions must provide a complete set of short, medium and long term deposit account, in addition to the more liquid accounts.

This is to meet the diverse needs of liquidity and rate of return of the client.

Savings will also attract more clients than the loan itself and is an important source of funding for the institute. It also should be cheaper than traditional commercial loans to MFIs are mostly not a huge additional cost. This is due to the infrastructure already available is needed to accumulate savings.

Procredit Network is an example of a network of sustainable and profitable financial institution that provides a wide range of financial products. In addition to credit and savings, Procredit Bank around the world also provides insurance and money transfer services.

If the deposit services are successfully implemented, the provision of such services will also help MFIs to achieve sustainability finance introduce saving facilities will better serve the needs of the client, reducing capital costs and allows

MFIs to raise resources for expansion. The main challenge for MFIs dalammembangun this service is the transformation of their corporate culture and government jugaketerlibatan as important in the regulation and institution control take the savings from the public. Umumnyadilarang NGOs mobilize savings and all other MFIs that do not hold a special license. It is  need for each type of financial institutions to protect depositors in case institution default and this is especially important for poor people who can not afford to lose their money. To overcome this problem and address the needs of many special license MFIs offering savings services not directly but in partnership with the licensed deposit-taking institutions, usually banks.

3. Microinsurance

Low-income entrepreneurs, just like everyone else, are vulnerable to risks, such deseas, injury, theft, death, accidents and floods.

This is why financial products to reduce the impact of such risks is a valuable financial service mereka.Asuransi some MFIs began to increase their portfolios in response to this need of protection.

 Providing savings and credit insurance services in addition to making financial services a complete MFI microfinance institutions provide.

Ie the full set of financial services to provide direct income people rendah.Untuk LKM requires a special license and insurance requirements for such a license granted by the government is usually very tight.

Control of insurance companies for the same reason why they control the financial health of deposit taking institutions, protection of client and system stability. As the majority of MFIs do not meet these conditions, there is an alternative to direct provision of insurance and the most common is an existing partnership with insurance companies. Insurance companies may not offer their products directly to poor people because they do not have experience in the market segments: MFI can fill this gap and worked as an intermediary between insurance companies and klien.Asuransi product for the target group of microfinance institutions must be designed according to specific needs and protect their specific risks: they may include health insurance, livestock insurance and crop insurance. In the MFI offers some insurance but as they start to enter the industry is growing among the set of products offered.

4. Money transfer

Money transfer service is an important financial services: money transmission business.

that emigrants send money home to relatives, who grew up with strong and often managed by informal arrangement with the high cost and high risk.

Depending on local regulations and the cost of these services can be delivered directly or in partnership with money transfer companies. MFIs have a competitive advantage relationships with their clients and the service can also be connected with other products or can be taken into account when calculating the repayment capacity of each client.